However, while the anonymous artist of the Florence Baptistry dome imagined Corinthian columns, Fattori envisioned a colonnade with Egyptian papyrus-capitals.įattori was also influenced by Antoine Ansiaux’s painting, executed two decades earlier, with nearly the same title, size,and topic. John the Baptist faces the three royals on the left, with a rod in his hand. John Rebuking Herod (1822), today in the Palais des Beaux-Arts of Lille, France.Īlthough separated by six centuries, the artistic structure of the two compositions from Florence is the same: The throne of Herod Antipas appears in an apsidal niche on the right, and he is in the company of Herodias and Salome. Photo: Courtesy of the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille. John Rebuking Herod (1822), oil on canvas (277 x 326 cm), located in the Palais des Beaux-Arts of Lille, France. Three additional masterpieces stand out in art history for their representation of the throne of Herod Antipas: two from Florence and one from Lille.Īntoine Ansiaux, St. In Armitage’s representation, the diademed Antipas is sitting in the center of the open-air courtyard on his movable throne on the left side his wife Herodias, the Hasmonean royal princess, sits next to him and Salome, her daughter, dances before them all.īecome a Member of Biblical Archaeology Society Now and Get More Than Half Off the Regular Price of the All-Access Pass! Explore the world’s most intriguing Biblical scholarshipĭig into more than 9,000 articles in the Biblical Archaeology Society’s vast library plus much more with an All-Access pass. He may have been inspired by Auguste Parent’s book Machaerous, which was published in Paris that same year. Although the Gospel scene representation is based on Armitage’s imagination, it is the closest to the architectural and archaeological reality of the Herodian royal court of Machaerus in the history of art: The Doric peristyle, the height of the columns (380 cm about 12.5 ft), the metope-triglyph frieze together with the coronation elements, and the Pompeian red color were all proven accurate by the archaeological excavations. The Victorian painter was an alumnus of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Just a hundred years before these excavations, Edward Armitage made, in 1868, a fascinating oil painting, titled Herod’s Birthday Feast, which is today among the treasures of the Guildhall Art Gallery in London. Seetzen rediscovered the ruins of Machaerus in 1807, and archaeological excavations began at the royal castle in 1968. These portrayals-in Bible illustrations, frescos, reliefs, icons in churches, and paintings-usually reflect contemporary European royal castles and courts with the figures wearing medieval, renaissance, or baroque costumes rather than ancient garments. The most common subjects are Salome bringing the head of the Baptist on a salver to Herodias and the beheading of John the Baptist itself. There are thousands of images and representations related to Herodian Machaerus in the history of art. Photo: Courtesy of the Guildhall Art Gallery, London. 8 The four living creatures, each having ( P)six wings, were full of eyes around and within.Edward Armitage, Herod’s Birthday Feast (1868), oil on canvas (155 x 277 cm), located in the Guildhall Art Gallery in London. 7 ( O)The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle. ( N)And in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, were four living creatures full of eyes in front and in back. ( K)Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are ( L)the seven Spirits of God.Ħ Before the throne there was ( M)a sea of glass, like crystal. 5 And from the throne proceeded ( J)lightnings, thunderings, and voices. 4 ( H)Around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and on the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, ( I)clothed in white robes and they had crowns of gold on their heads. 3 And He who sat there was ( F)like a jasper and a sardius stone in appearance ( G)and there was a rainbow around the throne, in appearance like an emerald. And the first voice which I heard was like a ( C)trumpet speaking with me, saying, “Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this.”Ģ Immediately ( D)I was in the Spirit and behold, ( E)a throne set in heaven, and One sat on the throne. 4 After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing ( B)open in heaven.
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